Act II of 2012 on minor offences, offence procedures and the registration system of offence(hereinafter: the Offences Act) provides for sanctioning criminal action that violates or jeopardises generally accepted rules of cohabitation within society, without however the level or risk or extent of danger that would consitute a crime and which would necessitate sanctions accordingly. The range of action deemed as offence is defined by the Offences Act.

Anyone subjected to investigation for having committed an offence will participate in the procedure as a person subjected to procedure, and will be named as wrongdoer once the court finds him/her culpable for the offence. 

Offences are adjudged by the authorities prosecuting offences or courts. as defined by the Offences Act.

Court will adjudge

• offences sanctionable by confinement, and its scope of competence also covers the offence of obstructing fact-finding inspections by the permanent committee of the Hungarian Parliament dealing with national security
• petitions challenging the resolution of the authority prosecuting offences, and furthermore decides on
• transforming unpaid fines or on-site fines – or undelivered community work – into confinement.

As a general rule, the court will adjudge the case without holding a hearing. In cases falling within the jurisdiction of district courts, the judge or an appointed court secretary may proceed. Laws also allows court clerks to proceed without holding a hearing, under the control and supervisions of a judge or court secretary.